Factors controlling the variation in physicochemical parameters of springs in Melamchi area, Nepal

Understanding the factors controlling spatial and seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters groundwater are important for quick water quality assessment a better planning management strategies. This study evaluated spring’s five data (pH, EC, TDS, DO temperature) 75 springs in two seasons (pre post monsoon). The aim research presented this paper is to assess spring water, understand their variation. Physicochemical were correlated with each other processes an attempt has been made studying parameters. Groundwater slightly acidic alkaline pH ranging from 5.5 7.5 weakly very mineralized EC range 21.6–234.0 μS/cm pre-monsoon 10.5–189.8 post-monsoon. TDS ranged between 5.3–116.9 mg/l 10.8–94.9 mg/l, 3.1–9.4 2.4–7.3 temperature 18.4–27.9°C 19.2–27.4°C monsoon season respectively. noted be higher whereas pH, comparatively south-east region area shows minimum temperature. Minimum concentration observed north-west part values increasing towards river valley. inverse relation elevation, while region. measured seasonally spatially variable. results indicate difference mainly caused due generated by cumulative interactions monsoonal rain, atmospheric temperature, rock-groundwater interaction, residence time influences. change respect elevation different shallow aquifer-related processes.